This panchromatic view of galaxy cluster MACS0416 was produced by integrating infrared observations from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope with visible-light information from NASA’s Hubble SpaceTelescope To make the image, in basic the fastest wavelengths of light were color-coded blue, the longest wavelengths red, and intermediate wavelengths green. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jose M. Diego (IFCA), Jordan C. J. D’Silva (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Jake Summers (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Haojing Yan (University of Missouri)
Astronomers utilized < period class ="glossaryLink" aria-describedby ="tt" data-cmtooltip ="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>NASA</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Established in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government that succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). It is responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. Its vision is "To discover and expand knowledge for the benefit of humanity." Its core values are "safety, integrity, teamwork, excellence, and inclusion." NASA conducts research, develops technology and launches missions to explore and study Earth, the solar system, and the universe beyond. It also works to advance the state of knowledge in a wide range of scientific fields, including Earth and space science, planetary science, astrophysics, and heliophysics, and it collaborates with private companies and international partners to achieve its goals.</div>" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}] "tabindex ="0" function ="link" > NASA‘s< period class ="glossaryLink" aria-describedby ="tt" data-cmtooltip ="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>James Webb Space Telescope</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or Webb) is an orbiting infrared observatory that will complement and extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope. It covers longer wavelengths of light, with greatly improved sensitivity, allowing it to see inside dust clouds where stars and planetary systems are forming today as well as looking further back in time to observe the first galaxies that formed in the early universe.</div>" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex ="0" function ="link" >JamesWebbSpaceTelescope to find(************************************************************************************************************************** )short-term items in the“Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster,” MACS0416, about 4.3 billion light-years away.Transients, which quickly lighten up and after that fade, expose info about remote stars and deep space’s structure.
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An global group of researchers, led byUniversity ofMissouri’sHaojingYan, utilized NASA’sJames WebbSpace Telescope( JWST) to find14 brand-new short-term items throughout their time-lapse research study of galaxy cluster MACS0416– situated about 4.3 billion light-years fromEarth– which they have actually called as the“Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster.”
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This side-by-side contrast of galaxy cluster MACS0416 as seen by theHubbleSpaceTelescope in optical light( left) and theJamesWebbSpaceTelescope in infrared light( right) exposes various information.Both images include numerous galaxies, nevertheless, the Webb image reveals galaxies that are unnoticeable or just hardly noticeable in theHubble image.This is due to the fact thatWebb’s infrared vision can discover galaxies too remote or dirty forHubble to see.Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
UnderstandingTransientObjects
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“Transients are objects in space, like individual stars, that appear to suddenly brighten by orders of magnitudes and then fade away,” statedYan, an associate teacher in theDepartment ofPhysics andAstronomy
“These transient objects appear bright for only a short period of time and then are gone; it’s like we’re peering through a shifting magnifying glass. Right now, we have this rare chance that nature has given us to get a detailed view of individual stars that are located very far away. While we are currently only able to see the brightest ones, if we do this long enough — and frequently enough — we will be able to determine how many bright stars there are, and how massive they are.”
This picture of galaxy cluster MACS0416 highlights one specific gravitationally lensed background galaxy, which existed about 3 billion years after the BigBang That galaxy includes a short-term, or item that differs in observed brightness gradually, that the science group nicknamed “Mothra.” Mothra is a star that is amplified by an aspect of a minimum of 4,000 times. The group thinks that Mothra is amplified not just by the gravity of galaxy cluster MACS0416, however likewise by a things called a “milli-lens” that most likely weighs about as much as a globular star cluster. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jose M. Diego (IFCA), Jordan C. J. D’Silva (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Jake Summers (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Haojing Yan (University of Missouri)
Advanced Observations with JWST
Using the sophisticated technological abilities of the JWST, Yan and his group, consisting of Mizzou college student Bangzheng Sun, verified what’s triggering the galaxy cluster’s “flickering lights” or transients that researchers initially saw years ago utilizing NASA’s < period class ="glossaryLink" aria-describedby ="tt" data-cmtooltip ="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Hubble Space Telescope</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as Hubble or HST) is one of NASA's Great Observatories and was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990. It is one of the largest and most versatile space telescopes in use and features a 2.4-meter mirror and four main instruments that observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It was named after astronomer Edwin Hubble.</div>" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex ="0" function ="link" >HubbleSpaceTelescope
“We’re calling MACS0416 the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster, both because it’s so colorful and because of the flickering lights we find within it,”Yan stated.“We can see so many transients in certain regions of this area because of a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing, which is magnifying galaxies behind this cluster.”
A color composite picture of MACS0416 utilizing the information from 4 sets of images taken by JWST of the galaxy cluster over a duration of126 days, or about 4 months.The areas where the transients are discovered are likewise marked.Photo thanks toBangzhengSunCredit:University ofMissouri
BreakthroughFindings
The group found the transients by studying 4 sets of images taken by JWST of the galaxy cluster over a duration of126 days, or about 4 months.Yan is especially delighted that 2 of the transients are supernovae– stars that are at completion of their life-spans– due to the fact that the group can utilize them to study the supernovae’s host galaxies.
“The two supernovae and the other twelve extremely magnified stars are of different nature, but they are all important,”Yan stated.
“We have traced the change in brightness over time through their light curves, and by examining in detail how the light changes over time, we’ll eventually be able to know what kind of stars they are. More importantly, we’ll be able to understand the detailed structure of the magnifying glass and how it relates to dark matter distribution. This is a completely new view of the universe that’s been opened by JWST.”
For more on this research study:
“JWST’s PEARLS: Transients in the MACS J0416.1-2403 Field” byHaojingYan,ZhiyuanMa,BangzhengSun,LifanWang,PatrickKelly,Jose M.Diego,Seth H.Cohen,Rogier A.Windhorst,Rolf A.Jansen,Norman A.Grogin,John F.Beacom,Christopher J.Conselice,Simon P.Driver,BrendaFrye,DanCoe,Madeline A.Marshall,AntonKoekemoer,Christopher N. A.Willmer,AaronRobotham,Jordan C. J. D’Silva,JakeSummers,MarioNonino,NorPirzkal,Russell E.RyanJr,RafaelOrtiz III,ScottTompkins,Rachana A.Bhatawdekar,ChengCheng,Adi Zitrin and S. P.(********************************************************************************************************************************** )Accepted, The< period class ="glossaryLink" aria-describedby ="tt" data-cmtooltip ="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Astrophysical Journal</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the publication of original research on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics. It is one of the most prestigious journals in the field, and is published by the American Astronomical Society (AAS). The journal publishes articles on a wide range of topics, including the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the universe; the properties of stars, planets, and galaxies; and the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the early universe.</div>" data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]” tabindex =”0″ function =”link” >AstrophysicalJournal
arXiv:230707579
