Gut with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes germs. Credit: © CMFI/Leon Kokkoliadis
A Low-Calorie Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome and Delays Immune Aging
A calorie-reduced diet plan can not just postpone the advancement of metabolic illness, however likewise has a favorable impact on the body immune system. Researchers have actually now revealed for the very first time that this impact is produced by a transformed gut microbiome, which decreases the wear and tear of the body immune system in aging (immune senescence). The research study has actually been released in the journal Microbiome
Gut microbiome
The gut microbiome is the term utilized to explain the totality of all bacteria and intestinal tract germs in our digestion system. Among other things, it affects the body immune system and the metabolic process of its host.
Around 2 billion individuals around the world are obese. Obesity increases the danger of establishing hypertension, cardiac arrest or type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can likewise trigger swelling in the body that deteriorates the body immune system through a build-up of particular memory T and B cells. This procedure is called immune senescence, an age-related modification in the body immune system.
In overweight individuals, a low-calorie diet plan can postpone the advancement of metabolic health problems such as type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, such a diet plan is useful to the body immune system. However, it is uncertain precisely how the favorable results are produced and what work the gut microbiota plays in this procedure. Researchers have actually now checked out the relationships in between calorie-reduced diet plans, the microbiome, metabolic process, and the body immune system in a brand-new research study.
Calorie- decreased diet plan changes the gut microbiome
For this function, they initially evaluated how a really low-calorie diet plan (800 kcal/day for 8 weeks) impacted the gut microbiome of an overweight female. In the next action, the scientists transplanted the gut microbiota prior to and after the diet plan intervention into germ-free mice to develop a gnotobiotic mouse design. “In this way, we were able to determine the sole effects of the diet-shaped gut microbiome on metabolism and the immune system,” stated Reiner Jumpertz- von Schwartzenberg, last author of the research study and a researcher at the Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, a partner of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD). He led the research study together with Hans-Dieter Volk and Joachim Spranger of Charit é.
Diet- modified gut microbiome enhances metabolic process and hold-ups immune senescence
By transplanting the diet-altered microbiota, glucose metabolic process enhanced and fat deposition reduced. In addition, mass cytometry revealed that the level of particular memory T and B cells was likewise decreased. “This indicates delayed immune senescence,” stated Julia Sbierski-Kind, very first author of the research study.
“These findings suggest that the positive effects of a low-calorie diet on metabolism and the immune system are mediated via the gut microbiome,” Sbierski-Kind stated. However, the authors of the research study highlight that the examination has up until now just been performed with the microbiome of someone which the experiments will need to be duplicated with extra topics to verify the outcomes. The brand-new findings might likewise be intriguing for medical practice in the long term. “An improved understanding of the complex interplay between diet, the microbiome, and the immune system may set the stage for the development of new microbiome-based therapeutic avenues to treat metabolic and immune diseases,” stated Jumpertz- von Schwartzenberg.
Reference: “Effects of caloric restriction on the gut microbiome are linked with immune senescence” by Julia Sbierski-Kind, Sophia Grenkowitz, Stephan Schlickeiser, Arvid Sandforth, Marie Friedrich, Désirée Kunkel, Rainer Glauben, Sebastian Brachs, Knut Mai, Andrea Th ürmer, Aleksandar Radonic, Oliver Drechsel, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Jordan E. Bisanz, Hans-Dieter Volk, Joachim Spranger and Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg, 4 April 2022, Microbiome.
DOI: 10.1186/ s40168-022-01249 -4
About the research study:
The objective of the research study was to figure out the interactions in between a calorie-restricted diet plan, microbiome and the body immune system. To this end, a human dietary intervention trial was integrated with gnotobiotic experiments in which immunophenotyping was identified by multidimensional single cell mass cytometry. The following institutes and research study centers were included:
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Director:Prof Andreas Birkenfeld), Tübingen University Hospital
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tübingen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charit é– Universit ätsmedizin Berlin, business member of Freie Universit ät Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charit é– Universit ätsmedizin Berlin, business member of Freie Universit ät Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charit é– Universit ätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin
